![]() Find out more about the difference between fusion and fission: EUROfusion (2021) Fusion vs fission.Discover how drones are used to repair fusion devices: Kidambi M (2017) Fusion drones: robot technicians for nuclear devices.Learn more about the Sun and its source of power: Tiele Westra M (2006) Fusion in the Universe: the power of the Sun.Read about the JET experiment that demonstrated sustained high fusion power for the first time: Warrick C (2022) JET sets new fusion energy record.Use microwaves for spectacular classroom experiments: Stanley H (2009) Microwave experiments at school.Use plasma globes to demonstrate – entertainingly – plenty of interesting physics: Yáñez González (2016) Plasma: The fourth state.Click on the components to learn more about each one. Explore the ITER tokamak on the Fusion for Energy website.The FuseNet website contains educational material including courses, books, experiments, multimedia, reviews and theses about fusion.Find fusion teaching resources on the EUROfusion website.Although the goal of sustained fusion reactions and a practical source of energy is still a work in progress, EUROfusion research into tokamaks like JET are bringing us closer to making fusion energy a reality. ![]() ![]() The challenge is to develop and optimize all these technologies and bring them together create a stable system, a task that requires extensive collaboration between engineers and scientists from a broad range of fields. Many of the technologies used in the JET tokamak can be related to everyday science, such as plasma seen as lightning in thunderstorms, the principles behind electric motors, and the microwaves in kitchen microwave ovens. The tokamak is a complex machine that uses a combination of technologies to confine and heat plasma and create conditions for fusion reactions to take place. They will transform the process that powers the stars into a way for us to generate clean electricity here on Earth. In the future, the aim is that fusion power plants will use the heat produced by fusion reactions to run steam turbines and generate electricity. The JET tokamak primarily uses inertial cooling but it also has a limited water-cooling system to remove the heat from its divertor, which is similar to the cooling systems used in power plants today. A tokamak like JET generates a large amount of heat, which needs to be removed to prevent damage to the machine. Future tokamaks, like the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) device, are designed to create high-energy plasmas for fifteen to sixty minutes at a time.Īnother important aspect of the tokamak is the cooling system. EUROfusion researchers at JET have made significant progress in this area, and have achieved sustained fusion reactions for several seconds at a time. Scientists need to make sure that the plasma is hot enough and the magnetic field is strong enough to keep the plasma confined in the tokamak for long enough to generate a significant amount of energy. One of the biggest challenges in developing fusion energy is achieving a sustained fusion reaction. This is similar to heating food in a kitchen microwave. One property of these waves is the ability to make particles move, which heats the plasma by making the particles move faster and collide together with more force, which makes the fusion reaction more likely to happen. Both use electromagnetic waves like radio waves but with a higher frequency/shorter wavelength. However, the microwaves in the tokamak are at a much higher frequency and power than those found in your kitchen microwave. One way to do this is by using microwaves similar to those used in your kitchen microwave oven. Once the plasma is captured in a magnetic cage, it’s time to start heating it.
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